By A Nutt
Speech is the production of sounds for the purpose of communication. It involves the use of the lips, tongue, teeth, palate, vocal cords, and lungs. Speech language pathology deals with problems with communication and conditions that make it difficult for a person to swallow. When one engages in speech pathology therapy, they will learn techniques and exercises to improve verbal communication.
The following outlines what one can expect when attending a speech pathologist appointment:
The first step is for a Speech Pathologist to acquire an assessment of the patient. This will include taking a patient's medical history to get an accurate account of the nature of the speech problem. The speech pathologist will also observe the patient to get a sense of the problem. There may also be some simple tests given to the patient. The assessment appointment can take anywhere from 1 – 2 takes hours. If it is a child that is being assessed, the parents will be actively involved in the assessment process.
Depending on the communication or swallowing problem, tests can include: repeating sounds and sentences for recording, taking an x-ray of the side of the palate, using a scope with a light to enter the nostril for visual assessment.
Once the assessment has been completed, the speech language pathologist will write a report based on the findings of the assessment. If required, the report can be given to other health professionals, parents, and teachers.
With a child, speech language assessment can involve playing with the child and asking parents a number of questions. The speech pathologist will assess how the child behaves and interacts with him or her. Other tests for a child can include showing the child toys and pictures and asking questions to evaluate the child's responses. There may possibly be more than one assessment appointment for a child depending on the complexity of the problem.
After the assessment, the Speech Language Therapist will tell you what he or she recommends as a course of treatment. This can include a therapeutic treatment plan, or a referral to a specialist such as a hearing specialist. Regular therapy can be a weekly session. A therapy program will be implemented that focuses on the patient's problem. The purpose of therapy is to improve communication. There may also be at-home therapy exercises one can use when not at a therapy session. The therapist will record the patient's progress and make adjustments where necessary. The scheduled appointments are usually once a week for an hour.
Speech language therapy is the treatment of a speech disorder such as problems with the production of sounds, understanding others when they communicate, or problems putting words together properly when one communicates. In Canada and the United States, a Master's university degree level is the accepted standard of education. Many speech language therapists work in such areas as child language, learning disabilities, developmental delays, autism, enunciation, fluency, voice, swallowing, dementia, strokes, and brain injury. Assessment of the patient is essential to recovery. Speech Pathologists play an important role in helping patients overcome their speech language problems.
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